NCERT TEXTBOOK EXERCISES
(Page 164)
Question 1.
(a) Which kind of garbage is not converted into compost by the red-worms?
Answer:
Garbage containing salt, pickles, oil, vinegar, meat, and milk preparations is not converted into compost by the red-worms.
(b) Have you seen any other organism besides red-worms, in your pit? If yes, try to find out their names. Draw pictures of these?
Answer:
Yes.
Question 2.
Discuss:
- Is garbage disposal the responsibility only of the government?
- Is it possible to reduce the problems relating to the disposal of garbage?
Answer:
- In most cities, the responsibility of garbage disposal is on Municipal Corporations and most of the people realize no responsibility of their own. We should realize that cleanliness is the collective responsibility of both, the people and the government. If people are not aware of their responsibilities, government alone cannot successfully manage the garbage disposal. We must have the correct ideas and we must try our best to make our surroundings clean. We should not throw our wastes here and there. We should manage disposal problems at the level of our mohallas rather than waiting for government efforts.
- Yes. It is possible to reduce the problems relating to the disposal of garbage. We can try 3‘R’ to reduce this problem. These are:
- Reduce: We should minimize the use of things that produce wastes.
- Reuse: We can reuse many things which we usually throw after using once.
- Recycle: We can recycle the things that we usually throw and make many useful things, e.g., paper can be recycled to make paper baskets, etc.
Question 3.
(a) What do you do with the leftover food at home?
Answer:
We give this food to animals and sometimes we throw it in the dustbin.
(b) If you and your friends are given the choice of eating on a plastic plate or a banana leaf platter at a party, which one would you prefer and why?
Answer:
We would prefer a banana leaf platter because it can be used to form compost.
Question 4.
1. Collect pieces of different kinds of paper. Find out which of these can be recycled.
2. With the help of a lens look at the pieces of paper you collected for the above question. Do you see any difference in the material of recycled paper and a new sheet of paper?
Answer:
1. We can collect the following kinds of paper:
- Old newspapers,
- Magazines,
- Used envelopes,
- Notebooks, and
- Shiny plastic-coated paper.
We can recycle all kinds of paper except shiny plastic-coated paper.
2. Yes, the surface of recycled paper is rough while that of the new sheet of paper is smooth.
Question 5.
- Collect different kinds of packaging material. What was the purpose for which each one was used? Discuss in groups.
- Give an example in which packaging could have been reduced?
- Write a story on how packaging increases the amount of garbage.
Answer :
- Children should discuss this in class.
- If instead of making packets of sugar, salt, pulses, etc. we can buy them loose in our cloth bag or paper bag.
- Packaging increases the amount of garbage because after use we throw the packaging material. Most of the packaging material cannot be converted into compost etc. Hence we are increasing the amount of garbage.
Question 6.
Do you think it is better to use compost instead of chemical fertilizers? Why?
Answer :
Yes, it is better to use compost instead of chemical fertilisers because it helps us in two ways :
- It helps us to get rid of wastes.
- It helps us to save a lot of money that is spent on buying expensive chemical fertilisers.
We hope the NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 16 Garbage in, Garbage out help you. If you have any query regarding NCERT Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 16 Garbage in, Garbage out, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.
Extra Questions for Class 6 Science Chapter 16 Garbage in Garbage Out with Answers Solutions
Garbage in Garbage Out Class 6 Extra Questions Very Short Answer Type
Question 1.
What is garbage?
Answer:
Waste materials or rubbish, specially used household wastes are called garbage.
Question 2.
Name the manure made from kitchen wastes.
Answer:
Compost
Question 3.
What are the sources of waste?
Answer:
Sources of waste are domestic, agricultural and industrial.
Question 4.
Name some materials that can be reused.
Answer:
Plastic, metal and glass.
Question 5.
What type of garbage is collected in green bins?
Answer:
Biodegradable garbage like kitchen, plant and animal wastes.
Question 6.
What is composting?
Answer:
Rotting and conversion of biodegradable materials into manure is called composting.
Question 7.
What is waste?
Answer:
Unwanted or unusable remains or by-products of materials or food is known as waste.
Question 8.
Name some materials that cannot be disposed of easily.
Answer:
Plastic products, polythene, glass, etc.
Question 9.
What is a dustbin?
Answer:
The container in which the waste materials are collected is called a dustbin.
Question 10.
What type of waste is collected in blue bin?
Answer:
Non-biodegradable materials bke plastics, metals and glass are collected in a blue bin.
Question 11.
What is vermicomposting?
Answer:
The process of making compost with the help of redworms is called vermicomposting.
Question 12.
What is recycling?
Answer:
The process of recovery and reprocessing of some materials to get new products is called recycling.
Question 13.
How waste are classified on the basis of degradability?
Answer:
Biodegradable and non-biodegradable.
Question 14.
What type of waste is generated from agricultural activities?
Answer:
Husk, bags, fertilizers, rotted plant products, livestock waste, etc.
Garbage in Garbage Out Class 6 Extra Questions Short Answer Type
Question 1.
What are the two main types of wastes based on their degradability?
Answer:
There are mainly two types of wastes:
- Biodegradable wastes, such as kitchen and other plant and animal wastes, which can be degraded by the action of organisms.
- Non-biodegradable wastes, like plastics, metals and glass, which cannot be degraded by the organisms.
Question 2.
How many types of bins are provided by the government for collecting garbage?
Answer:
The government provides two types of bins for collecting garbage. They are:
- Blue bins: It is to collect non-biodegradable wastes like plastic, metal and glass wastes.
- Green bins: It is to collect biodegradable wastes like vegetable and fruit peels, tea leaves, etc.
Question 3.
What is vermicomposting? How is vermicompost useful as compared to chemical fertilizer?
Answer:
The process of making compost with the help of redworms is called vermicomposting. Vermicompost is less expensive, high yielding crops and beneficial for soil health as compared to chemical fertilizers.
Question 4.
Why should we not use wastes that may contain salt, pickles, oil, vinegar and milk preparations as food for redworms in vermicomposting pit?
Answer:
We should not use wastes that may contain salt, pickles, oil, vinegar and milk products as food for redworms because these substances attract disease-causing small organisms in pit which may harm redworms ultimately hindering the preparation of vermicompost.
Question 5.
We should not burn or heat plastics, why?
Answer:
All kind of plastics give out harmful gases, upon heating and burning. These gases cause many health problems, including cancer, asthma, etc., which sometimes may cause death.
Question 6.
What can we do to minimise overuse of plastics?
Answer:
We should take following steps to minimise overuse of plastics:
- We should avoid using plastic bags to store eatables.
- We should not throw plastic bags here and there, after use.
- We should never burn plastic bags and other plastic items.
- We should not put garbage in plastic bags and throw it away.
Question 7.
Why should we not throw garbage in plastic bags?
Answer:
We should not throw garbage in plastic bags because when stray animals looking for food in these bags, usually knotted, are unable to reach the food and they end up eating the whole plastic bag. Sometimes, they die due to this. The plastic bags thrown carelessly on roads and other places get into drains and the sewer system. As a result, drains get choked and water spills on the roads which might even create a flood like situation during heavy rain.
Question 8.
How is compost prepared from kitchen wastes?
Answer:
The kitchen wastes generally include vegetable and fruit peels, egg shells, waste food etc., which are completely biodegradable. We put these waste into a pit and cover them with soil. After some days, we observe that they are completely degraded. Take them out of the pit and mix it in the soil where you grow your favourite plants. The final form of the wastes mixed with soil is called compost.
Garbage in Garbage Out Class 6 Extra Questions Long Answer Type
Question 1.
What is a garbage? Explain with examples. What will happen if garbage is not removed from our homes and surroundings regularly?
Answer:
Waste materials or rubbish that include refuse, domestic wastes, used plastic items and wrapping materials are called garbage. Every house produces a lot of garbage daily. Garbage is produced also by offices, shops, schools, etc., every day. Kitchen wastes include vegetables and fruit peels, egg shells, waste food or left over food, tea leaves, plastic and polythene bags or tins, waste paper, etc.
If these garbages are not removed, our homes and surroundings will become dirty. Some of the garbage give out a foul smell after rotting. The rotting garbage becomes a breeding place for cockroaches, flies and mosquitoes which spread many fatal diseases.
Question 2.
What are the various methods of garbage disposal? Describe the landfill method.
Answer:
There are different methods of disposal of garbage depending on the nature of garbage. Some of the effective measures are:
- Composting
- Vermicomposting
- Recycling
- Reuse
- Landfill
Landfill is one of the important and effective measures of garbage disposal. The method is generally adopted in cities/town. Landfill is a low-lying area where the garbage from the cities or towns are collected. It generally outside the city. The non-useful part of garbage which cannot be turned into compost or cannot be recycled or reused is disposed off in a landfill. People throw garbage in the dustbins or at a place meant for this. These garbage is collected by trucks or tractors of the municipal corporation and take it to the landfill areas.
Wastes dumped in landfill is compacted everyday with the bulldozers and then filled with a layer of soil prior to waste placement of next day. This way when the landfill is completely filled, it is turned into a park or a playground.
Question 3.
What are the uses and harms of plastic?
Answer:
Plastics are both useful and harmful.
Its uses are as follows:
- It is used as container to store edible foods.
- Goods packed in plastic packs are easily portable, i.e., can be carried anywhere easily.
- Plastic can be recycled.
- Plastics are unreactive. So, plastic bottles are used to pack chemicals.
- Plastic packs or containers are cheap, light weighted and durable.
Its demerits or harm are as follows:
- On heating or burning, plastic emit harmful gases which cause many diseases including cancer.
- The plastic bags thrown here and there are swallowed by animals searching for food inside them, which sometimes causes their death.
- Plastic bags and polythene thrown on roads get into the drains and block the sewer system. Sometimes making the drain choked. During heavy rain, it creates flood-like situation.
Question 4.
What is vermicomposting? Mention the steps for preparing vermicompost.
Answer:
Process of conversion of kitchen wastes and agricultural wastes or biodegradable wastes using redworms is known as vermicomposting. The product so obtained by vermicomposting is known as vermicompost. Vermicompost is an excellent, nutrient-rich organic fertiliser.
For preparing vermicompost, spread a net at the bottom of pit or a box. Add 1-2 cm thick layer of sand and then spread biodegradable wastes like vegetable and fruit peels, green leaves, husk, etc., and sprinkle some water to make the layer wet.
Now buy some redworms and put them into the pit and cover them with gunny bags. Observe the content after 3-4 weeks. If it doesn’t smell bad and there is a loose soil-like material then the process of vermicomposting is complete. Sieve this content and sun dry it.
Question 5.
Excessive use of plastics are harmful. What measure can be adopted to reduce excessive use of plastics?
Answer:
The measures we can adopt to minimise overuse of plastics are:
- We should try to make minimum use of plastic bags. We must reuse the bags whenever, it is possible to do so.
- We should not use plastic bags to store eatables.
- We can insist shopkeepers to use paper bags. We should carry cloth or jute bags while going to market for shopping.
- We should never throw plastic bags here and there or on roads after use.
- We should never bum plastics.
- We should not put garbage in plastic bags and throw it away.
- We should aware people of using proper practices for disposing plastic bags.
Question 6.
What can we do to minimise garbage generation? ‘
Answer:
We can take following steps to reduce garbage generation.
- We can adopt the method of vermicomposting at home and deal with our kitchen waste carefully.
- We should recycle paper, old books, metal cans, glass bottles, etc., by selling these items to kawadiwalas.
- We should use both sides of paper to write. We should use a slate for rough work.
- As far as possible, we should make our family, friends and others aware of the garbage hazards and to follow proper practices for disposing different kinds of wastes.
- In a nutshell, we must bear in our mind and think about that-more garbage we generate, more difficult it will be to get over this menace.
Garbage in Garbage Out Class 6 Extra Questions HOTS
Question 1.
Write one word for the following statements:
(a) Contents of the waste bins
(b) Greeting cards made of waste paper
(c) Redworms converting certain waste into manures
Answer:
(a) Garbage
(b) Paper mache
(c) Vermicomposting
Question 2.
To what use will you put these garbage and how?
(a) Piles of straw after harvesting
(b) Rotting smelly garbage
(c) Metal cans
(d) Non-recyclable nappies, pickles, etc.
Answer:
(a) Convert into compost and use as manure.
(b) Convert into compost and use as manure.
(c) Give for recycling or reuse it.
(d) Throw in landfill as they can’t be either use for composting or recycling.
Question 3.
Why do earthworms are called farmer’s Mend?
Answer:
Earthworms are called farmer’s Mend because of the services provide by them in increasing and improving soil fertility, texture and moisture holding capacity which consequently benefits the plant. They decompose the organic matter into manure and improve the aeration of soil as they dwell in.
Question 4.
Most of the time we observe that rag pickers suffer from diseases. Why?
Answer:
Rag pickers work barefoot and without gloves in an unhygienic environment full of contaminated materials. Their entire workplace is actually a breeding ground of mosquitoes which carry various infectious diseases with them. So they often suffer from diseases.
Question 5.
Write merits and demerits of landfill.
Answer:
The merits of landfills include low operating costs and the ability to dispose of large amount of wastes. Demerits include possible water contamination and emission of greenhouse gases.
Garbage in Garbage Out Class 6 Extra Questions Value Based (VBQs)
Question 1.
Anandi thought of cleaning her room. While cleaning she found many of her old things and toys in good condition. She got an idea that beside throwing these things she can give these to an orphanage where children of her age can use these.
(a) What is waste?
(b) Which is better-reuse or recycle? Why?
(c) Which of the method of 3R’s is been used by Anandi here?
(d) What values of Anandi is shown here?
Answer:
(a) Things that are no longer useful or wanted and discarded are known as waste.
(b) Reuse is the better method of waste management than recycle, because reuse needs negligible energy as compared to recycle.
(c) Anandi by giving her belongings to orphanage is using the method of reuse amongst the 3R’s.
(d) Anandi is environment concern, sensible, responsible and intelligent girl.
Question 2.
Rishabh and Rishikesh both are best friends. Rishabh is very particular in segregating the waste generated in his house. He makes compost out of his kitchen waste and use this compost in manuring his potted plants. Rishikesh do not bother of segregating his household waste and even throws wrappers and plastics in the roads.
(a) Out of the 3R’s which one is suitable for plastics?
(b) What are the effects of plastic on the environment?
(c) Compare Rishabh’s and Rishikesh’s attitude towards environment.
(d) What value of Rishabh is shown here?
Answer:
(a) We must minimise the use of plastics so ‘reduce’ is the best way for checking waste generation.
(b) Plastics are non-biodegradable waste. Excessive use of plastics and their improper disposal is causing environmental degradation. Plastics even can’t be burnt because of the toxic gases released by them. Most of the plastics are non-recyclable also.
(c) Rishabh is eco-friendly but Rishikesh is not eco-friendly.
(d) Rishabh is intelligent, hardworking, sensible to environmental degradation and eco-friendly.